The study reveals first-ever findings that the number of substitutions per team tended to be similar between all leagues, and that substitution numbers increased to 4.5 after the COVID pandemic.
You will also find in this study:
- Why there is no clear difference between home vs. away matches regarding substitutions.
- That data suggests that when coaches can make substitutions, they do so. However, there appears to be some small effect of scoreline results and match dynamic that may affect the actual number of substitutions.
- There was a trend for a higher proportion of observations with low (i.e., 0 or 1) vs. maximum (i.e., 3) substitution numbers when the goal difference was equal to zero.
